Historic urban areas, characterized by their rich cultural heritage, face the complex challenge of striking a balance between the imperative of conservation and the demands of contemporary urban development. This research addresses this issue by proposing a theoretical framework for the sustainable assessment of historic urban environments. The core of this framework is an approach that integrates the Space Syntax methodology with the Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) process. Through a systematic review of 58 scholarly articles, this research encompasses three key domains: Space Syntax analysis, the historic urban fabric, and visual analysis methods. This review forms the foundation for a conceptual framework comprising four key stages: (1) Data Collection, (2) Visual Analysis, (3) 3D Modeling, and (4) Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA). Through this meticulous and systematic integration, the study contributes to the formulation of an integrated approach to urban heritage management and sustainable urban development. The findings highlight the framework’s value as a tool for reconciling heritage conservation with the demands of contemporary urban development. This approach can be highly beneficial for urban planners, policymakers, and heritage managers. By providing a flexible and practical framework, this study helps to bridge the gap between the imperatives of heritage conservation and the necessities of urban growth. It envisions a future where historic urban areas can thrive as vibrant, sustainable, and culturally significant hubs, continuing to shape present and future urban landscapes. Future research can focus on refining and implementing this framework across diverse historic cities, as well as further exploring the social and cultural dimensions of heritage conservation and urban sustainability.