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1- Department of Studies and Conservation of Architectural and Urban Heritage, Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Gilan, Fouman, Shohada Street, Shahid Safari Alley, No. 210, 2nd floor.
2- Sheikh Baha'i Architectural Research Institute, Tehran, Keshavarz Boulevard, corner of Shanzdeh Azar Street, Alzahra University Technology Complex, Unit 608 and 606.
Abstract:   (31 Views)
The present study aims to propose a novel typology model for the architecture of mosques in the Khazar Cultural Zone by examining and analyzing the indigenous and liturgical patterns within their spatial organization. Through field studies and the interpretation of historical data, it has been determined that mosques in the region employ three spatial layers—enclosed, semi-enclosed, and open spaces—where the use of indigenous materials, particularly wood and wooden ceilings, has paved the way for the establishment of two fundamental architectural models: the "Khazari Iwan" and the "Khazari Shabestan." The Khazari Iwan, characterized by a semi-open space supported by wooden columns, facilitates natural ventilation, provides expansive views, and ensures a continuous connection with the external environment. In contrast, the Khazari Shabestan, through its application of wooden ceilings and slender wooden columns, creates a warm, indigenous ambiance that markedly distinguishes it from the columnar shabestans prevalent in central Iran. Furthermore, the incorporation of the “Tambi” element in some examples has enhanced the flexibility of the spatial structure, leading to the emergence of subtypes such as the Khazari Shabestan with Iwan and the Khazari Shabestan with Meyansara. The findings indicate that the Khazari Shabestan model, accounting for 45% of the mosques examined, plays a pivotal role in shaping the architectural identity of this region. By providing a flexible and indigenous typological framework, this study opens new horizons for understanding the evolution of religious architecture in the Khazar region and facilitates comparative analysis between urban and rural cases.
 
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Editorial: Original Research Article | Subject: Special
Received: 2025/04/15 | Accepted: 2025/07/13

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